I must say that I was a little skeptical about the validity of the method. I suppose the argument would be that they were looking for the earliest deposits of chalk fragments that were consistent with those to be expected from the construction of a chalk figure. As long as they have identified the earliest ones it doesn't matter what came afterwards.
Of course there is still the possibility that the entire area where the excavation was conducted had been stripped to the bedrock and refilled during the 17th century, but there seems little motive for this.
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