In the case of Wilmington, by analysing when the soil underlying disturbed chalk deposits at the bottom of the hill was last subjected to daylight ( they think the disturbed chalk came from the diggings involved in creating of the big fellow). They also found remains of land snails that hadn't been introduced into this country until the middle ages in that layer of soil.
With the horny fellow, they considered a number of factors. No record of him ever have been made by the scribblers at the nearby monastery. First written record that of a payment made to a builder for repair work carried out on behalf of a local landowner ( a royalist landowner! ) - late 17th C.
General conclusion was that he was commisioned as a mockery to Cromwell - who was being portrayed by his cronies as some sort of modern Hercules. The erection supposedly representing Olivers's lust for power etc.
I've got to admit, although the results were a disappointment, the program was well put together and pretty convincing.
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