Julian Cope presents Head Heritage

One thing that occurs to me is that Homo Sapiens Sapiens didn't start building ceremonial monuments (as far as we know) until the Mesolithic, and on a larger scale until the Neolithic. I've always thought this was due largely to a change from a migratory/seasonal hunter/gatherer way of life to a more settled life where being in one place for most of the time was critical (i.e. farming).

If so, this would suggest that only a settled population would be likely to build ceremonial monuments that would require a big investment of time and manpower. As yet, there is no evidence that Homo Sapiens Sapiens adopted an agrarian lifestyle that would lend itself to such "permanent" monument-building until much later than the periods we would need to be talking about for the Neanderthals to have done something similar.

This suggests (although obviously it doesn't prove or disprove) that megalithic monuments are associated with a settled community, which itself requires a non-migratory means of sustaining itself, i.e. farming. If so, unless evidence comes to light that the Neanderthals adopted farming techniques millenia before HSS did, it seems unlikely that they would have spent their energies on building permanent megalithic structures, even if they had the capacity or technology to do so, as it would be inconsistent with a largely migratory/seasonal way of life.