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Anew
36 posts

Deer Stones
Dec 08, 2012, 21:01
Deer stones are enigmatic features of the Mongolian landscape which may have links to the Pazyryk culture and possibly by way of them to the Picts of ancient Scotland, or if one rather, the broader archaeological milieu .

Wikipedia's page, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deer_stone

For background on the Pazyryks, i suggest the following BBC videos, available on YouTube :

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oqWCEqMEbgE&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bwgd6WyvsmQ&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iAix0MTKD-k&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gIL10jKXbs8&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=df7ZGHMFtNY&feature=related

The stonepages.com Archaeo News forum also has topics which include the Altai region, as a search will reveal . Here are three links :

http://www.stonepages.com/forum/index.php?showtopic=2093 ; New tomb for 'Altai Princess' to be built in Siberia
http://www.stonepages.com/forum/index.php?showtopic=1391 ; Ancient 'warrior' found in permafrost
http://www.stonepages.com/forum/index.php?showtopic=2432 ; Traces of hunting magic discovered in Altai caves

At and around 3:33 in BBC video #4, ascending, 'flying', deer motifs appear carved/pecked into an outcrop .

What i believe is that these 'deer' are a mythical beastie, in the manner of a or griffin or the Pictish Beast to which it bears some resemblance, (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pictish_Beast), which combines aspects of different animals ~ in this case the deer, a fish and a crane . I think it possible that the deer represented these people's ideal woodland creature, and perhaps by extension the spirit of woodlands themselves, or of the living land generally . The fish elements, (the beast's supple, steamlined body, presented frequently with only rudimentary, finlike, legs and an also finlike dorsal hump), was (i believe) representative of the Hucho taimen, (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hucho_taimen), a large relative of the salmon which frequents rivers thereabout . Here are two photos : http://www.flickr.com/photos/uskgrub/1276922854/ ; http://www.flickr.com/photos/8887961@N07/1034560516/lightbox/ . I believe that they held this fish in the highest esteem of all water creatures, and that by extension it may have represented the spirit of the rivers themselves, or of the living water generally . I believe that the crane elements, (the beast's long, bird-like snout and crest of feathers behind the head), are drawn from the (trans-Himalayan migratory) Demoiselle Crane, (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demoiselle_Crane), which i believe they held in highest esteem of all creatures of the air, (so that perhaps they represented the spirit of the living sky itself) . Some photos : http://www.flickr.com/photos/explorealtai/5487408253/lightbox/ ; http://www.flickr.com/photos/59195354@N05/5433308849/lightbox/ ; the second being a migrating flock of what i believe are these birds . If they are,and were deeply involved in the local beliefs, this formation might explain the braces of chevrons on many of these stones -- as a symbol believed to be representative of or symbiotic with the great flocks . However, i note also that the chevrons are shallower than the V-formation in the photo .

It may be worth noting as a possible and distant parallel to this context that the African tribal practice of women's wearing lip plates gives them a somewhat bird-like profile . If this was the intended purpose when the tradition evolved, it would show that demonstration of esteem for birds as an object of grace and beauty can be taken to great lengths by our humankind.

Here are some links to photos of Deer Stones on the website Flickr :


http://www.flickr.com/photos/bdearth/4881182971/lightbox/ ; http://www.flickr.com/photos/dragonflytz/5020336304/lightbox/ ; http://www.flickr.com/photos/civ3/5152868452/lightbox/ . These show deer, (both ascending and descending), together with a humanoid figure having a small, thin body and a very large, featureless round head ; (it is standing, and its posture is relaxed) . One interpretation of this is that it may be a soul, (of a deceased person or one to be born who may have been felt to travel between the world and the beyond with the climbing and diving deer) . Another interpretation, (and one which i harp on, as i feel it may have been a broad part of prehistoric religious practice), may be that this is representative of a toadstool deity based upon the Amanita Muscaria, (fly agaric), such as i see or imagine in a stone pecking from the linked BBC videos . If so, the cap would now be seen face-on, (rather than side-on as before) . The arms could represent the toadstool's skirt, (visible in these two photos : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Amanita_muscaria_After_Rain.jpg ; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Amanita_muscaria_3_vliegenzwammen_op_rij.jpg) ; and the slightly separated legs could be an anthropomorphism . I note here having read (more than once) that deer/reindeer would eat the Amanita muscaria and leap 'ecstatically', (once the toxicity wore off), something i hope is true .


http://www.flickr.com/photos/treygood_mn/show/with/4829741705 ; http://www.flickr.com/photos/bdearth/4881183253/lightbox/ ; http://www.flickr.com/photos/yule/2174009333/lightbox/ ; http://www.flickr.com/photos/hardcoder/5067416489/lightbox/ ; http://www.flickr.com/photos/fotravel/4120635861/lightbox/ . These photos all show (or include) the same stone . The beasties are ascending and above the level of a disk, (next to which is a bow and an embellished, bordered band of triangles, with accessories) . Here is a photo of bands of triangles in another setting, Newgrange of Ireland : http://www.themodernantiquarian.com/post/22832/newgrange.html

http://www.flickr.com/photos/bdearth/4881791394/lightbox/ ; http://www.flickr.com/photos/yule/2174799058/lightbox/ ; http://www.flickr.com/photos/lamoix/3757746012/lightbox/ . These all show the same stone, with a circle at the top, and rising beasties .

http://www.flickr.com/photos/bdearth/4881183169/lightbox/ ; http://www.flickr.com/photos/yule/2174795572/lightbox/ . These introduce a sloping dotted line below the circle, (at top) . The sloping of the band might represent a particular limb of a mountain, (over which the sun could rise) ; but its dotted nature suggests a permeable barrier of some sort . Also noteworthy is that there's a gap in the band below the circle . Dimly visible at the stone's middle is a bordered band of chained diamonds, possibly (though distantly in both time and space) comparable to Newgrange again, (http://www.themodernantiquarian.com/post/55323/newgrange.html) . Dimly visible above the belt-of-diamonds is a brace of bordered stacked chevrons, pointing up .

http://www.flickr.com/photos/25469480@N03/2400736558/lightbox/ . This is a nice one .

http://www.flickr.com/photos/mariedragon/4015115492/lightbox/ . This stone also has bordered stacked chevrons, (again pointing up), this time above a belt of triangles . The repetition of the chevrons might be considered as expressing similar beliefs to those which drove the building of Silbury Hill, (layer after layer after layer) . Whether these were related is lost to time .

http://www.flickr.com/photos/fotravel/4120631169/lightbox/ ; http://www.flickr.com/photos/fotravel/4121407404/lightbox/ ; http://www.flickr.com/photos/bdearth/4881791768/lightbox/ ; http://www.flickr.com/photos/karneipix/2876910981/lightbox/ ; http://www.flickr.com/photos/dolpo2007/3052923219/lightbox/ ; http://www.flickr.com/photos/aidank/3807585760/lightbox/ . This stone is deservedly one of the more photographed . It has a (female?) human/deity face at the top and wears two circles as hoop earrings . It also has a belt of bordered chained diamonds . The 'deer' both ascend and descend .

http://www.flickr.com/photos/civ3/5152204467/lightbox/ . A nice one .

http://www.flickr.com/photos/covington/3602999602/lightbox/ . In the stone in the foreground of this photo, the deer dive almost straight down .

http://www.flickr.com/photos/28388334@N08/3600566506/lightbox/ . This stone appears to show horses, (not flying), together with a filled and an outlined circle ; (the sun and moon?) , (good toadstool/bad toadstool?), (nice soul/naughty soul?) .

http://www.flickr.com/photos/22186466@N06/4472054561/lightbox/ . Two outlined circles on the same stone (left), might be easier to interpret as souls or toadstools than as two suns . Though two suns may be a feature of decoration on some African lip plates .

http://www.flickr.com/photos/10195550@N07/1047820707/lightbox/ ; http://www.flickr.com/photos/10195550@N07/1047821421/lightbox/ . These include outlined circles which appear to have stalk-like bodies beneath them .

Photos of the Demoiselle cranes : http://www.flickr.com/photos/10195550@N07/1048673190/lightbox/ ; http://www.flickr.com/photos/10195550@N07/1047808431/ ; http://www.flickr.com/photos/10195550@N07/1048664386/ .

So far from Aberdeen, where 'recumbent' stone circles are usually found, and ... Ta-daaah ! http://www.flickr.com/photos/10195550@N07/1047821905/ .

This post is based upon work i originally posted as 'Anew' to the Alternative Theories forum of the site stonepaages.com
Anew
36 posts

Re: Deer Stones
Dec 08, 2012, 21:03
part 2 :

http://www.flickr.com/photos/10195550@N07/1047822939/lightbox/ . Balanced and centered above a gap in a (slightly) sloping band of dots are three outlined circles, one large and two small . Perhaps these represent one mature and two budding fly agaric ; perhaps a group of souls, (parent and children?) ; perhaps celestial objects, if the two small are the sun and moon, might the large be the Earth ? Don't know .

http://www.flickr.com/photos/chrisjstanley/377928280/ . This stone bears a solid line beneath a circle . Perhaps a gap was implied by the natural break of the rock beneath the circle . Of interest in this context may be the Scottish stone circle Templewood, where a natural break in a carved stone may have represented a boat and its course past the dangerous whirlpool Corryvreckan .

A happy face : http://www.flickr.com/photos/gareththomas79/3634547519/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/gareththomas79/3633158229/lightbox/ ; http://www.flickr.com/photos/gareththomas79/3633969192/lightbox/ . These show a level, solid (and possibly unbroken) line beneath a circle . If so that would seem to represent an impermeable barrier to a passing soul, (if the circle represented this), thus interpretation as a celestial rising or setting may be preferred .

http://www.flickr.com/photos/laros/1372165197/lightbox/ . A stone row . Could this be related to the dotted lines below some of the circles on these stones ? Could it be related to the stone rows of the British Isles ?

http://www.flickr.com/photos/28388334@N08/3600573764/lightbox/ . Here's something i think is worth paying attention to . A deity, toadstool-spirit, soul or sun-figure rises through a sloping dotted line . The circle-head of the figure has short rays all around it . Another small circle is nearby . The rays might imply the sun, but the smaller circle nearby is not near proportionally correct to be the moon ; and the body of the figure seems too slender to be a fitting sun-god . As a shining soul or an anthropomorphic magic toadstool spirit it would make more sense (to me) .

http://www.flickr.com/photos/62847133@N04/5828464784/lightbox/ . On this stone a dotted line separates an outlined circle, (above), from a filled circle, (below) . A brace of stacked chevrons also appears, along with a block & triangle symbol i haven't seen before . This dotted line has no wide gap, which is not unique, but is somewhat unusual . I think that the filled and empty circles may be, taken together, a statement of inversion ~ that one side of the dotted line was representative of the realm of the living, the other of that of the dead or yet-to-be-born, (who may have been grouped in their beliefs) ~ with the circles changing their character accordingly . The principle of inversion also seems to be represented in one or more surviving Pazyryk tattoos, (which include a fantastic animal which combines attributes of several natural animals), shown with the trunk twisting a full 180 degrees as though walking in two realms, in the archaeological record of the British Isles, (at such places as seahenge), and in some surviving African tribal customs . It is broadly distributed in the archaeological milieu, enough so that it may, i think reasonably, have been part of the human Urkultur . Turning to the brace of chevrons, there appear to be nine of them, thrice three, which may have been considered an auspicious number . To the question of whether they could be representative of / linked to the Demoiselle Crane (migrating in formation), one might add that of whether this was intended to be many flocks along a migratory path, or one flock at successive points in time . I lean toward the former . This previously cited stone, (http://www.flickr.com/photos/mariedragon/4015115492/lightbox/), has a brace of twelve chevrons, four times three, and this also previously cited stone, (http://www.flickr.com/photos/explorealtai/5674978157/lightbox/), appears to have a brace of nine again .

That brings to mind these photos, (http://www.flickr.com/photos/chrisjstanley/369732370/ ; http://www.flickr.com/photos/chrisjstanley/show/with/369732370), which appear to show three parallel carved lines . The beast on this stone has no antlers . Though it could be a doe, it may also indicate that, like the fish, the deer aspect of the beast was not an indispensable part of its representation .

http://www.flickr.com/photos/exchangesphotos/5839181721/lightbox/ . This three sided impression has two circles at its top, on opposite sides, and is awash with beasties . The two circles at the top of the stone seem to be of opposite nature : one (to the right) filled, the other outlined . They seem also to be part of a larger design, the details of which are unclear, but suggestive . There is a dotted line running beneath these, having no wide gap . The beasts are quite fine, including the deer's tail and antlers both deer-like and wave-like, along with the taimen's dorsal fin and the crane's head ; (as i interpret it) .

http://www.flickr.com/photos/exchangesphotos/5839181711/lightbox/ . And this three sided impression has a belt of triangles and stacked chevrons that curve, like a cornucopia or an esoteric marine fossil . However, i think these may be representative of the 'Mongolian death worm', (http://www.flickr.com/photos/museumofworldwonders/5446597220/) , a ferocious-looking (and rare) burrowing insect which introduces the possibility that 'evil' or destructive intent had a place in their belief systems, though not a pre-eminent one . Worthy of note : one of the beasties on the front of the stone has both antlers and a camel-like double-hump . As a one-of, this might simply have reflected the humor of the artist ; or it might indicate a degree of flexibility with the form . The Bactrian camel is native to that area, and was likely important enough to some to include in the mythology/iconography . In those stretches the camel frequents, the fish might have seemed a logical swap-out . The stone also has a fine belt of chained triangles across its bottom . It may be that two of the reasons that chained triangles were a common symbol of the time were that these combined beliefs about the divinity of the number three with beliefs about inversion into a symbol, "greater than the sum of its parts" . The triangles invert with every step, yet by filling the space completely imply a harmony exists in doing so . Perhaps by extension, that life and death were aspects of a balanced whole which could be seen from the (transcendental) outside .

http://www.flickr.com/photos/explorealtai/5674978157/lightbox/ . This stone has a brace of chevrons at the bottom . The stone on the ground nearby may be an example of an unfinished man-stone ~ a much different style found in the same landscape . At the top of the deer stone is a dotted line with a circle above a slight gap . I think that i see a toadstool-stalk/soul body below the circle, extending through the gap .

http://www.flickr.com/photos/marissas23/906236213/lightbox/ . This one reminds me of a photo of the French stone Lanvenael, (http://www.stonepages.com/france/lanvenaelhi.html) . I find myself wondering if other stones had beasts of varying descriptions drawn/painted on them back in the day .

http://www.flickr.com/photos/karneipix/2876925999/lightbox/ . Fine stones with all the elements . Once again, i think i see a very slender stalk-body below the large circle on the one in the background .

Beasties along the edge of a fallen stone . http://www.flickr.com/photos/bmjenks/205518044/lightbox/ .

Pursuing the dotted line to another venue,there is a long PDF file on a 17 year research dig in Yorkshire available through this link, http://www.stonepages.com/news/archives/004408.html . One of the things they found was that rows of pits had been dug, often with nothing much to explain them ; (there are maps on pages 103, 123, 157, 161 and 170) . In the map on page 157, against a row running northwest, and north of a gap in a row, is a ring ditch remaining from a barrow in which there was a cremation ; (pp. 216 bottom - 217) . I consider there may be a commonality between the Deer Stone symbolism-subset of the dotted line with the gap, above which is a circle with (often) a wraith-like stalk-like figure rising through the line ; and the presence of this barrow above a gap in the row of pits . Part of the puzzle is that nothing more substantial than a flint microlith and a piece of fired clay were found in the nearby pits . It may be possible that these held something temporal/soft which does not now survive, (hasn't been detected) . But i think it is also possible that the pits weren't meant to hold something, so much as to be something ~ perhaps an embodiment of the terrifying void .

http://www.flickr.com/photos/exchangesphotos/5839181687/lightbox/ . On this stone, which also show antlers both deer-like and wave-like, three parallel lines again appear, (something mentioned in the last post), this time at the bottom .

This post is based on work i originally posted as 'Anew' to the Alternative Theories forum of the website stonepages.com
Sanctuary
Sanctuary
4670 posts

Re: Deer Stones
Dec 08, 2012, 22:13
Anew wrote:
part 2 :

http://www.flickr.com/photos/10195550@N07/1047822939/lightbox/ . Balanced and centered above a gap in a (slightly) sloping band of dots are three outlined circles, one large and two small . Perhaps these represent one mature and two budding fly agaric ; perhaps a group of souls, (parent and children?) ; perhaps celestial objects, if the two small are the sun and moon, might the large be the Earth ? Don't know .

http://www.flickr.com/photos/chrisjstanley/377928280/ . This stone bears a solid line beneath a circle . Perhaps a gap was implied by the natural break of the rock beneath the circle . Of interest in this context may be the Scottish stone circle Templewood, where a natural break in a carved stone may have represented a boat and its course past the dangerous whirlpool Corryvreckan .

A happy face : http://www.flickr.com/photos/gareththomas79/3634547519/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/gareththomas79/3633158229/lightbox/ ; http://www.flickr.com/photos/gareththomas79/3633969192/lightbox/ . These show a level, solid (and possibly unbroken) line beneath a circle . If so that would seem to represent an impermeable barrier to a passing soul, (if the circle represented this), thus interpretation as a celestial rising or setting may be preferred .

http://www.flickr.com/photos/laros/1372165197/lightbox/ . A stone row . Could this be related to the dotted lines below some of the circles on these stones ? Could it be related to the stone rows of the British Isles ?

http://www.flickr.com/photos/28388334@N08/3600573764/lightbox/ . Here's something i think is worth paying attention to . A deity, toadstool-spirit, soul or sun-figure rises through a sloping dotted line . The circle-head of the figure has short rays all around it . Another small circle is nearby . The rays might imply the sun, but the smaller circle nearby is not near proportionally correct to be the moon ; and the body of the figure seems too slender to be a fitting sun-god . As a shining soul or an anthropomorphic magic toadstool spirit it would make more sense (to me) .

http://www.flickr.com/photos/62847133@N04/5828464784/lightbox/ . On this stone a dotted line separates an outlined circle, (above), from a filled circle, (below) . A brace of stacked chevrons also appears, along with a block & triangle symbol i haven't seen before . This dotted line has no wide gap, which is not unique, but is somewhat unusual . I think that the filled and empty circles may be, taken together, a statement of inversion ~ that one side of the dotted line was representative of the realm of the living, the other of that of the dead or yet-to-be-born, (who may have been grouped in their beliefs) ~ with the circles changing their character accordingly . The principle of inversion also seems to be represented in one or more surviving Pazyryk tattoos, (which include a fantastic animal which combines attributes of several natural animals), shown with the trunk twisting a full 180 degrees as though walking in two realms, in the archaeological record of the British Isles, (at such places as seahenge), and in some surviving African tribal customs . It is broadly distributed in the archaeological milieu, enough so that it may, i think reasonably, have been part of the human Urkultur . Turning to the brace of chevrons, there appear to be nine of them, thrice three, which may have been considered an auspicious number . To the question of whether they could be representative of / linked to the Demoiselle Crane (migrating in formation), one might add that of whether this was intended to be many flocks along a migratory path, or one flock at successive points in time . I lean toward the former . This previously cited stone, (http://www.flickr.com/photos/mariedragon/4015115492/lightbox/), has a brace of twelve chevrons, four times three, and this also previously cited stone, (http://www.flickr.com/photos/explorealtai/5674978157/lightbox/), appears to have a brace of nine again .

That brings to mind these photos, (http://www.flickr.com/photos/chrisjstanley/369732370/ ; http://www.flickr.com/photos/chrisjstanley/show/with/369732370), which appear to show three parallel carved lines . The beast on this stone has no antlers . Though it could be a doe, it may also indicate that, like the fish, the deer aspect of the beast was not an indispensable part of its representation .

http://www.flickr.com/photos/exchangesphotos/5839181721/lightbox/ . This three sided impression has two circles at its top, on opposite sides, and is awash with beasties . The two circles at the top of the stone seem to be of opposite nature : one (to the right) filled, the other outlined . They seem also to be part of a larger design, the details of which are unclear, but suggestive . There is a dotted line running beneath these, having no wide gap . The beasts are quite fine, including the deer's tail and antlers both deer-like and wave-like, along with the taimen's dorsal fin and the crane's head ; (as i interpret it) .

http://www.flickr.com/photos/exchangesphotos/5839181711/lightbox/ . And this three sided impression has a belt of triangles and stacked chevrons that curve, like a cornucopia or an esoteric marine fossil . However, i think these may be representative of the 'Mongolian death worm', (http://www.flickr.com/photos/museumofworldwonders/5446597220/) , a ferocious-looking (and rare) burrowing insect which introduces the possibility that 'evil' or destructive intent had a place in their belief systems, though not a pre-eminent one . Worthy of note : one of the beasties on the front of the stone has both antlers and a camel-like double-hump . As a one-of, this might simply have reflected the humor of the artist ; or it might indicate a degree of flexibility with the form . The Bactrian camel is native to that area, and was likely important enough to some to include in the mythology/iconography . In those stretches the camel frequents, the fish might have seemed a logical swap-out . The stone also has a fine belt of chained triangles across its bottom . It may be that two of the reasons that chained triangles were a common symbol of the time were that these combined beliefs about the divinity of the number three with beliefs about inversion into a symbol, "greater than the sum of its parts" . The triangles invert with every step, yet by filling the space completely imply a harmony exists in doing so . Perhaps by extension, that life and death were aspects of a balanced whole which could be seen from the (transcendental) outside .

http://www.flickr.com/photos/explorealtai/5674978157/lightbox/ . This stone has a brace of chevrons at the bottom . The stone on the ground nearby may be an example of an unfinished man-stone ~ a much different style found in the same landscape . At the top of the deer stone is a dotted line with a circle above a slight gap . I think that i see a toadstool-stalk/soul body below the circle, extending through the gap .

http://www.flickr.com/photos/marissas23/906236213/lightbox/ . This one reminds me of a photo of the French stone Lanvenael, (http://www.stonepages.com/france/lanvenaelhi.html) . I find myself wondering if other stones had beasts of varying descriptions drawn/painted on them back in the day .

http://www.flickr.com/photos/karneipix/2876925999/lightbox/ . Fine stones with all the elements . Once again, i think i see a very slender stalk-body below the large circle on the one in the background .

Beasties along the edge of a fallen stone . http://www.flickr.com/photos/bmjenks/205518044/lightbox/ .

Pursuing the dotted line to another venue,there is a long PDF file on a 17 year research dig in Yorkshire available through this link, http://www.stonepages.com/news/archives/004408.html . One of the things they found was that rows of pits had been dug, often with nothing much to explain them ; (there are maps on pages 103, 123, 157, 161 and 170) . In the map on page 157, against a row running northwest, and north of a gap in a row, is a ring ditch remaining from a barrow in which there was a cremation ; (pp. 216 bottom - 217) . I consider there may be a commonality between the Deer Stone symbolism-subset of the dotted line with the gap, above which is a circle with (often) a wraith-like stalk-like figure rising through the line ; and the presence of this barrow above a gap in the row of pits . Part of the puzzle is that nothing more substantial than a flint microlith and a piece of fired clay were found in the nearby pits . It may be possible that these held something temporal/soft which does not now survive, (hasn't been detected) . But i think it is also possible that the pits weren't meant to hold something, so much as to be something ~ perhaps an embodiment of the terrifying void .

http://www.flickr.com/photos/exchangesphotos/5839181687/lightbox/ . On this stone, which also show antlers both deer-like and wave-like, three parallel lines again appear, (something mentioned in the last post), this time at the bottom .

This post is based on work i originally posted as 'Anew' to the Alternative Theories forum of the website stonepages.com


Some fantastic stuff there Anew thanks for sharing. Are you living in Africa or on an extended break?
Anew
36 posts

Re: Deer Stones
Dec 10, 2012, 19:02
Thank you for saying so !

I'm in Pennsylvania . As to sources, though i own some books on the subject, increasingly my sources have been on-line . Photo-sharing sites have provided me with some excellent material to think about .
Anew
36 posts

Re: Deer Stones
Dec 10, 2012, 19:44
One drawback of on-line sourcing, though, is its volatility .

Invaluable posts can appear and disappear with the same suddenness .

Books are more permanent .
tjj
tjj
3606 posts

Re: Deer Stones
Dec 18, 2012, 22:56
This is a really interesting topic, sorry for not reading it sooner (its a bit long). I came across a link about the Deer Stones on FB earlier today under the premise of flying reindeer. I found myself reading quite a bit about them and the Mongolian Deer Stones.

I'll take a look at some of your links now, thank you.
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